Projected impact of the Portuguese sugar-sweetened beverage tax on obesity incidence across different age groups: A modelling study

English version

Autoři: Francisco Goiana-da-Silva ^aff001; Milton Severo ^aff002; David Cruz e Silva ^aff004; Maria João Gregório ^aff005; Luke N. Allen ^aff007; Magdalena Muc ^aff008; Alexandre Morais Nunes ^aff009; Duarte Torres ^aff003; Marisa Miraldo ^aff010; Hutan Ashrafian ^aff012; Ana Rito ^aff013; Kremlin Wickramasinghe ^aff014; João Breda ^aff014; Ara Darzi ^aff012; Fernando Araújo ^aff015; Carla Lopes ^aff002
Působiště autorů: Centre for Health Policy, Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom ^aff001; Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal ^aff002; Epidemiology Research Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal ^aff003; Centre for Innovation, Technology and Policy Research, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal ^aff004; Directorate General of Health, Lisbon, Portugal ^aff005; Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal ^aff006; Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, England ^aff007; Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom ^aff008; Centre for Public Administration and Public Policies, Institute of Social and Political Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal ^aff009; Department of Economics and Public Policy, Imperial College Business School, London, United Kingdom ^aff010; Centre for Health Economics and Policy Innovation, Imperial College Business School, London, United Kingdom ^aff011; Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom ^aff012; WHO Collaborating Centre for Nutrition and Childhood Obesity, National Institute of Health (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal ^aff013; WHO European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Moscow, Russian Federation ^aff014; University Hospital of São João, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal ^aff015
Vyšlo v časopise: Projected impact of the Portuguese sugar-sweetened beverage tax on obesity incidence across different age groups: A modelling study. PLoS Med 17(3): e32767. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003036
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003036

Souhrn

Background

Excessive consumption of sugar has a well-established link with obesity. Preliminary results show that a tax levied on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) by the Portuguese government in 2017 led to a drop in sales and reformulation of these products. This study models the impact the market changes triggered by the tax levied on SSBs had on obesity incidence across various age groups in Portugal.

Methods and findings

We performed a national market analysis and population-wide modelling study using market data for the years 2014–2018 from the Portuguese Association of Non-Alcoholic Drinks (GlobalData and Nielsen Consumer Panel), dietary data from a national survey (IAN-AF 2015–2016), and obesity incidence data from several cohort studies. Dietary energy density from SSBs was calculated by dividing the energy content (kcal/gram) of all SSBs by the total food consumption (in grams). We used the potential impact fraction (PIF) equation to model the projected impact of the tax-triggered change in sugar consumption on obesity incidence, through both volume reduction and reformulation. Results showed a reduction of 6.6 million litres of SSBs sold per year. Product reformulation led to a decrease in the average energy density of SSBs by 3.1 kcal/100 ml. This is estimated to have prevented around 40–78 cases of obesity per year between 2016 and 2018, with the biggest projected impact observed in adolescents 10 to <18 years old. The model shows that the implementation of this tax allowed for a 4 to 8 times larger projected impact against obesity than would be achieved though reformulation alone. The main limitation of this study is that the model we used includes data from various sources, which can result in biases—despite our efforts to mitigate them—related to the methodological differences between these sources.

Conclusions

The tax triggered both a reduction in demand and product reformulation. These, together, can reduce obesity levels among frequent consumers of SSBs. Such taxation is an effective population-wide intervention. Reformulation alone, without the decrease in sales, would have had a far smaller effect on obesity incidence in the Portuguese population.

Klíčová slova:

Adolescents – Age groups – Beverages – Food consumption – Obesity – Portugal – Taxation – Taxes

Zdroje

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