Mediterranean diet and endothelial function in patients with coronary heart disease: An analysis of the CORDIOPREV randomized controlled trial
Autoři:
Elena M. Yubero-Serrano aff001; Carolina Fernandez-Gandara aff001; Antonio Garcia-Rios aff001; Oriol A. Rangel-Zuñiga aff001; Francisco M. Gutierrez-Mariscal aff001; Jose D. Torres-Peña aff001; Carmen Marin aff001; Javier Lopez-Moreno aff001; Justo P. Castaño aff002; Javier Delgado-Lista aff001; José M. Ordovás aff004; Pablo Perez-Martinez aff001; Jose Lopez-Miranda aff001
Působiště autorů:
Unidad de Gestión Clinica de Medicina Interna, Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
aff001; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
aff002; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University; Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Córdoba, Spain
aff003; Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
aff004
Vyšlo v časopise:
Mediterranean diet and endothelial function in patients with coronary heart disease: An analysis of the CORDIOPREV randomized controlled trial. PLoS Med 17(9): e32767. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003282
Kategorie:
Research Article
doi:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003282
Souhrn
Background
Endothelial dysfunction is a crucial step in atherosclerosis development, and its severity is determinant for the risk of cardiovascular recurrence. Diet may be an effective strategy to protect the endothelium, although there is no consensus about the best dietary model. The CORonary Diet Intervention with Olive oil and cardiovascular PREVention (CORDIOPREV) study is an ongoing prospective, randomized, single-blind, controlled trial in 1,002 coronary heart disease (CHD) patients, whose primary objective is to compare the effect of 2 healthy dietary patterns (low-fat versus Mediterranean diet) on the incidence of cardiovascular events. Here, we report the results of one secondary outcome of the CORDIOPREV study: to evaluate the effect of these diets on endothelial function, assessed by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery.
Methods and findings
From the total participants taking part in the CORDIOPREV study, 805 completed endothelial function study at baseline and were randomized to follow a Mediterranean diet (35% fat, 22% monounsaturated fatty acids [MUFAs], and <50% carbohydrates) or a low-fat diet (28% fat, 12% MUFAs, and >55% carbohydrates), with endothelial function measurement repeated after 1 year. As secondary objectives and to explore different underlying mechanisms in the modulation of endothelial function, we quantified endothelial microparticles (EMPs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and evaluated, in 24 preselected patients, in vitro cellular processes related to endothelial damage (reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, and senescence) and endothelial repair (cell proliferation and angiogenesis), as well as other modulators (micro-RNAs [miRNAs] and proteins). Patients who followed the Mediterranean diet had higher FMD (3.83%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.91–4.23) compared with those in the low-fat diet (1.16%; 95% CI: 0.80 to 1.98) with a difference between diets of 2.63% (95% CI: 1.89–3.40, p = 0.011), even in those patients with severe endothelial dysfunction. We observed higher EPC levels (group difference: 1.64%; 95% CI: 0.79–2.13, p = 0.028) and lower EMPs (group difference: −755 EMPs/μl; 95% CI: −1,010 to −567, p = 0.015) after the Mediterranean diet compared with the low-fat diet in all patients. We also observed lower intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (group difference: 11.1; 95% CI: 2.5 to 19.6, p = 0.010), cellular apoptosis (group difference: −20.2; 95% CI: −26.7 to −5.11, p = 0.013) and senescence (18.0; 95% CI: 3.57 to 25.1, p = 0.031), and higher cellular proliferation (group difference: 11.3; 95% CI: 4.51 to 13.5, p = 0.011) and angiogenesis (total master segments length, group difference: 549; 95% CI: 110 to 670, p = 0.022) after the Mediterranean diet than the low-fat diet. Each dietary intervention was associated with distinct changes in the epigenetic and proteomic factors that modulate biological process associated with endothelial dysfunction. The evaluation of endothelial function is a substudy of the CORDIOPREV study. As in any substudy, these results should be treated with caution, such as the potential for false positives because of the exploratory nature of the analyses.
Conclusions
Our results suggest that the Mediterranean diet better modulates endothelial function compared with a low-fat diet and is associated with a better balance of vascular homeostasis in CHD patients, even in those with severe endothelial dysfunction.
Clinical trial registration
URL, http://www.cordioprev.es/index.php/en. clinicaltrials.gov number NCT00924937.
Klíčová slova:
Analysis of variance – C-reactive proteins – Coronary heart disease – Diet – Diet and type 2 diabetes – Endothelial cells – Homeostasis – MicroRNAs
Zdroje
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