Kinetics of HTLV-1 reactivation from latency quantified by single-molecule RNA FISH and stochastic modelling

English version

Autoři: Michi Miura ^aff001; Supravat Dey ^aff002; Saumya Ramanayake ^aff001; Abhyudai Singh ^aff002; David S. Rueda ^aff001; Charles R. M. Bangham ^aff001
Působiště autorů: Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom ^aff001; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America ^aff002; Single Molecule Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom ^aff003
Vyšlo v časopise: Kinetics of HTLV-1 reactivation from latency quantified by single-molecule RNA FISH and stochastic modelling. PLoS Pathog 15(11): e32767. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1008164
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1008164

Souhrn

The human T cell leukemia virus HTLV-1 establishes a persistent infection in vivo in which the viral sense-strand transcription is usually silent at a given time in each cell. However, cellular stress responses trigger the reactivation of HTLV-1, enabling the virus to transmit to a new host cell. Using single-molecule RNA FISH, we measured the kinetics of the HTLV-1 transcriptional reactivation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from HTLV-1⁺ individuals. The abundance of the HTLV-1 sense and antisense transcripts was quantified hourly during incubation of the HTLV-1-infected PBMCs ex vivo. We found that, in each cell, the sense-strand transcription occurs in two distinct phases: the initial low-rate transcription is followed by a phase of rapid transcription. The onset of transcription peaked between 1 and 3 hours after the start of in vitro incubation. The variance in the transcription intensity was similar in polyclonal HTLV-1⁺ PBMCs (with tens of thousands of distinct provirus insertion sites), and in samples with a single dominant HTLV-1⁺ clone. A stochastic simulation model was developed to estimate the parameters of HTLV-1 proviral transcription kinetics. In PBMCs from a leukemic subject with one dominant T-cell clone, the model indicated that the average duration of HTLV-1 sense-strand activation by Tax (i.e. the rapid transcription) was less than one hour. HTLV-1 antisense transcription was stable during reactivation of the sense-strand. The antisense transcript HBZ was produced at an average rate of ~0.1 molecules per hour per HTLV-1⁺ cell; however, between 20% and 70% of HTLV-1-infected cells were HBZ-negative at a given time, the percentage depending on the individual subject. HTLV-1-infected cells are exposed to a range of stresses when they are drawn from the host, which initiate the viral reactivation. We conclude that whereas antisense-strand transcription is stable throughout the stress response, the HTLV-1 sense-strand reactivation is highly heterogeneous and occurs in short, self-terminating bursts.

Klíčová slova:

DNA transcription – Messenger RNA – Sense strands – Simulation and modeling – T cells – Viral replication – HTLV-1

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